Conventional smelting process Outokumpu process DC arc route and Premus process have been reviewed in this work Premus process has been found to be the lowest cost and most energy efficient ferrochrome smelting technology The process is designed to reduce electrical energy consumption during smelting by partly reducing
Get PriceThe major portion of chromite raw materials used for the production of ferrochrome in Kazakhstan and Russia contains up to 52% of chromium oxide; therefore the results of calculation will change a little In terms of the total power consumption for smelting HCFC the process with prereduction is more efficient than the processes involving
Get PricePrivate communications from industrial sources indicated that the energy expenditure for production of 1 long ton of high carbon ferrochrome by three phase submerged arc smelting in the Simplex process ranges from 4 500 to 6 400 kilowatt hours and an additional 4 000 to 6 000 kilowatt hours is required in the process for the oxidation of a
Get PriceFerrochrome smelting slag recovery solution is mainly to recover the valuable ferrochrome alloys from the slag in a forms that will be as far as possible directly saleable This solution is now producing saleable ferrochrome containing less than 2% slag at a recovery of over 90% of liberated metal The Video of Ferrochrome recovery process
Get PriceTenova designs engineers and supplies high capacity submerged arc furnaces for producing ferrochrome The furnaces can be open semi closed or closed Depending on the application the use of bag filters wet scrubbers or dry scrubbers can be incorporated to remove particulates from the furnace off gas Photo
Get PriceProduction of the ferrochrome by EAF requires a large amount of electric power 2 4 4 8 MWH/ton The aim of this work is to develop crude Fe Cr Ni N alloy by smelting process of waste chromite ore fines using plasma smelting route The subject of this work is to study the effect of plasma environment charge chemistry and plasma
Get PriceAccording to Outotec successful applications for high carbon ferrochrome slag include the following 1 Heat recovery 2 Road construction both for the support layers granulated slag and the tarmac crushed slag 3 Refractory applications 4 Sandblasting 5 Mineral wool production View chapter Purchase book
Get PriceSmelting ferrochrome raw materials are chromium ore coke and silica there are two commonly used smelting methods of ferrochrome; The blast furnace smelting method is a more original
Get PriceNoront plans to build ferrochrome smelter in Sault Ste Marie Construction on facility expected to start in 2024 Noront Resources says it will build a ferrochrome production facility in Sault Ste Marie that will process ore from the Ring of Fire
Get PriceFrom 1906 to 1940 F M Becket and his collaborators carried out the process of producing low carbon ferrochrome from silicon reduced chrome ore Tested and produced in a 500 kW single phase two electrode furnace with a furnace output of 400 kg to a 12 000 kW three phase electric furnace 10 t of furnace output to meet the needs of producing
Get PriceOutgoing there will be 167 trucks per day carrying slag waste and ferrochrome much to Pittsburgh Overall more than 400 heavy trucks battering the city s roads every day may even make Bay St circa 2024 seem good There needs to be an arduous environmental assessment process before this project gets going
Get PriceThe main task of oxidation and smelting of high carbon ferrochrome is to decarburize and preserve chromium Chromium and iron make up more than 90% of the total alloy so the chromium and iron
Get PriceSmelting energy supplied by open plasma arc Raw material reduced at high temperature with carbon reductant such as anthracite or coal Alloy sinks to the bottom and slag floats at the top; these are tapped intermittently through dedicated tap holes Off gas mainly carbon monoxide is cleaned and can be reused as combustible fuel
Get PriceOptimization of Process Parameter for Smelting and Reduction of Ferrochrome written by Harsh Raj D N Paswan S K Jha published on 2024/10/27 download full article with reference data and citations Optimization of Process Parameter for Smelting and Reduction of Ferrochrome INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
Get PriceWhen enough smelted ferrochrome has accumulated in the furnace hearth the tap hole is drilled open and a stream of molten metal and slag rushes down a trough into a chill or ladle Ferrochrome solidifies in large castings which are crushed for sale or further processed
Get PriceOur stainless steel production process starts from our Kemi Mine and after going through Ferrochrome unit steel melt shop and hot rolling mill it proceeds to our cold rolling plant as well as
Get PriceIt is an important alloy additive in steelmaking Ferrochrome is mainly used as an alloy additive in steelmaking and used to be added in the late refining stage of steelmaking Smelting stainless steel and other low carbon steel must use low micro carbon ferrochrome ferrochrome refining production has been a large scale development
Get PriceIn the ferrochrome production ore is smelted by a three phase submerged arc furnace [ 2] Friedrich et al [ 3] indicated that the inner part of the submerged arc furnace consists of the self baked Soderberg electrodes arc furnace charge slag alloy and a gas phase composed of CO and CO 2
Get PriceThe present invention relates to a kind of smelting processes of high carbon ferro chrome belong to the technical field of smelting of high carbon ferro chrome It include the following 1 first the electric current of alternative frequency is passed through in the water cooled coil of induction furnace outer side spiral make to generate magnetic field in the space that coil is surrounded
Get PriceThe metal and slag produced after smelting reduction are given in the figure 3 4 Figure 3 4 Alloy and slag sample collected after smelting of 2 6 grade ferro chrome After smelting reduction of 2 6 grade of chromite ore the alloys and the slag produced was analysed for their chemical
Get PriceHigh carbon ferrochrome is usually produced by reducing chrome ores with carbon in an electric furnace This method has the shortcomings that a great amount of electric power is consumed and that
Get Pricethe reactions occurring during ferrochrome smelting by submerged arc furnace technologies The approach From investigations of excavated quenched submerged arc furnaces and previous overviews of the technology and the process steps [1 8] the following idealised reaction zones have been identified see Fig 1
Get Price2 What can we get from Ferrochrom slag Ferrochrome smelting slag recovery solution is mainly to recover the valuable ferrochrome alloys from the slag in a forms that will be as far as possible directly saleable This solution is now producing saleable ferrochrome containing less than 2% slag at a recovery of over 90% of liberated metal
Get PriceIn ferrochrome smelting in closed furnaces the feed material may be preheated before it enters the furnace Lumpy ore briquettes sintered pellets and prereduced pellets may all be preheated successfully The energy used to preheat the feed material comes from the combustible CO contained in the furnace exhaust gas
Get Pricethe consumption of chromite ore fines and concentrates Sintering; chromite pellets heated to silicates fusion point binding the chromite grains Fe in chromite oxidises from Fe2 to Fe3 releasing energy & the transformed grain structure facilitates reduction Electrical energy consumption typically 2 0 2 5 MWh/MT alloy 12
Get PriceLow carbon ferrochrome is produced by the Perrin Duplex modified Perrin or Simplex process In the Perrin process chrome ore and lime are melted in a slag furnace to form a chrome rich slag containing about 30 percent Cr2O3
Get PriceA furnace smelts silicon chromium alloy and a furnace melts slag composed of chrome ore and lime The refining reaction takes place in two phases 1 After the slag of the slag furnace is injected into the first barrel the silicon chromium alloy which has been initially desiliconized in the other barrel is exchanged
Get PriceIn the electrolytic process milled high carbon ferrochromium is leached by a mixture of reduced anolyte electrolytic solution recycled from the anode side of the smelting cell a chrome alum mother liquor based on a solution of ammonium sulfate recycled from a later stage in the process and sulfuric acid
Get PriceThe smelting process to produce the alloy is conventionally done in a submerged arc furnace SAF Smelting in a SAF is an energy intensive process Basson and Daavittila 2024 The energy is supplied via an arc at the tip of three electrodes The reductant is typically carbon and is supplied through metallurgical coke
Get PriceThis paper provides a review of the chemical reactions occurring in the submerged arc processing of chromite ores The excavations of industrial furnaces have shown that the charge as it descends through the furnace passes through a number of distinct reaction zones Each zone is characterised by differing process conditions and reaction products The phase equilibria reaction steps and
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